Zhihua Temple

Digital Restoration

Zhihua Gate
The digital restoration of Zhihua Temple, a 15th-century Buddhist monastery in Beijing, is a collaborative project led by the University of Chicago Center for the Art of East Asia, together with Xi'an Jiaotong University, Beijing Zhihua Temple, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Tsinghua University. Although the temple still stands today, two large carved wooden ceilings and other components were removed and sold in the early 20th century. These works are now on display at the Nelson-Atkins Museum and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The project began with conferences in 2017 and 2019 focused on research, digital preservation, and restoration. From 2019-2020, with support from the Cyrus Tang Foundation and the invaluable help of each partnering institution, the group captured high-resolution 3D scans of the two ceilings in the U.S. and interiors of two structures in Beijing. Using this data and art historical research, we produced digital reconstructions of Zhihua Hall and the Wanfo Pavilion. This project offers an opportunity for interested viewers to learn, observe, and appreciate the history, music, art, and architecture of the Ming dynasty temple, and in the process, to reconsider the significance of traditional Chinese artistic and cultural heritage.

Highlights

One of the key outcomes of the project is the digital reconstruction of the Wanfo Pavilion (Ten Thousand Buddhas Pavilion). Below, you can explore a 360° panoramic viewer showing the space as it appears today (left), alongside the digital restoration (right). The reconstruction includes furnishings typical of the period. Drag to look around, move the slider, or click the labels to toggle between views.

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Features

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Reconnecting Histories

Zhihua Temple, one of Beijing's architectural treasures, tells a rich tale and presents an opportunity for a new kind of reconciliation.

Temple Ceiling Interactive

The two recessed ceilings from Zhihua temple are exceptional examples of imperial Ming-era craftsmanship. This feature offers an in-depth look at the exquisite carving and construction of the ceiling originally housed in Zhihua Temple’s Wanfo Pavilion and now installed at the Nelson Atkins Museum of Art.

A Ming Buddhist Temple and Its Architecture

Zhihua Temple, the most complete Ming Buddhist temple to have survived today, preserves a slice of the temple’s history, and offers a glance into some essential features that characterize Ming Buddhist architecture.

Digital Reconstruction of Wanfoge

The ultimate goal of this project was to digitally reinstate two coffered ceilings according to Buddha Hall’s original structure, providing a holistic view of the interiors as they would have been. To achieve that with accuracy, however, we needed to overcome at least two major obstacles.

Temple History

The powerful palace eunuch, Wang Zhen, constructed the Zhihua Temple on his own property in 1444. Two tall stone stelae in front of the temple’s Zhihua Gate record the circumstances surrounding the temple’s construction. According to this record, Wang Zhen used his personal assets to build the temple in gratitude for the imperial favor that he enjoyed in the service of several Ming dynasty rulers.

Sculptures of Zhihua Temple

As recorded on the stelae dated 1444, the year of the Zhihua Temple’s construction, the temple buildings had lavish furnishings and sculptures of Buddhist divinities with polychrome ornament. Recent studies estimate that the temple had some thirty sculptural figures, mostly carved from wood, but many of them are no longer preserved.

Project Participants

Digital Collection

Visit collection on Open Access
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